THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
Formal Statements
Communications with a wider audience
Group representations
Symbolic public acts
- 018. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- 019. Wearing of symbols
- 020. Prayer and worship
- 021. Delivering symbolic objects
- 022. Protest disrobings
- 023. Destruction of own property
- 024. Symbolic lights
- 025. Displays of portraits
- 026. Paint as protest
- 027. New signs and names
- 028. Symbolic sounds
- 029. Symbolic reclamations
- 030. Rude gestures
Pressures on individuals
Honoring the dead
Public assemblies
Withdrawal and renunciation
THE METHODS OF NONCOOPERATION
SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
Ostracism of persons
Noncooperation with social events, customs and institutions
Withdrawal from the social system
- 065. Stay-at-home
- 066. Total personal noncooperation
- 067. "Flight" of workers
- 068. Sanctuary
- 069. Collective disappearance
- 070. Protest emigration (hijrat)
ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: BOYCOTTS
Action by consumers
Action by workers and producers
Action by middlemen
Action by owners and management
Action by holders of financial resources
Action by governments
- 092. Domestic embargo
- 093. Blacklisting of traders
- 094. International sellers' embargo
- 095. International buyers' embargo
- 096. International trade embargo
ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: STRIKES
Symbolic strikes
Agricultural strikes
Strikes by special groups
Ordinary industrial strikes
Restricted strikes
Multi-industry strikes
Combination of strikes and economic closures
POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
Rejection of authority
Citizens’ noncooperation with government
- 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- 124. Boycott of elections
- 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- 126. Boycott of government departments, agencies, and other bodies
- 127. Withdrawal from governmental educational institutions
- 128. Boycott of government-supported institutions
- 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
Citizens’ alternatives to obedience
- 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- 135. Popular nonobedience
- 136. Disguised disobedience
- 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- 138. Sitdown
- 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- 141. Civil disobedience of "illegitimate" laws
Action by government personnel
Domestic governmental action
International governmental action
- 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representation
- 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- 157. Expulsion from international organisations
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
Psychological intervention
Physical intervention
Social intervention
Economic intervention
- 181. Reverse strike
- 182. Stay-in strike
- 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- 184. Defiance of blockades
- 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- 186. Preclusive purchasing
- 187. Seizure of assets
- 188. Dumping
- 189. Selective patronage
- 190. Alternative markets
- 191. Alternative transportation systems
- 192. Alternative economic institutions